In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the Tianxing Twelve Acupoints represent a curated selection of key therapeutic points renowned for their versatility and profound healing effects. Among these, Zusanli (ST36), or “Leg Three Miles,” stands out as one of the most celebrated and frequently used acupoints. Located on the Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming (ST), this powerhouse point has been revered for millennia for its ability to harmonize bodily functions, strengthen vitality, and address a wide spectrum of ailments. Let us delve into the multifaceted roles of Zusanli and its significance in promoting health and longevity.
1. Anatomical Location and Historical Significance
Zusanli (ST36) is situated approximately 3 cun (about 4 finger-widths) below the lower border of the kneecap, one finger-width lateral to the anterior crest of the tibia. Its name, “Leg Three Miles,” metaphorically implies that stimulating this point could grant the endurance to walk an extra three miles—a nod to its energy-boosting properties.
Ancient texts such as the Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine (Huangdi Neijing) and the works of Sun Simiao, the “King of Medicine,” extol Zusanli as a pivotal point for fortifying the body’s foundational energy (Qi) and blood (Xue).
The following video can help you find the acupoint quickly：
2. Core Functions of Zusanli
A. Digestive Health and Spleen-Stomach Harmonization
Zusanli is quintessential for resolving gastrointestinal disorders. It regulates stomach Qi, alleviates symptoms like bloating, nausea, indigestion, and diarrhea, and enhances nutrient absorption. Modern studies suggest that acupuncture at ST36 may modulate gastric motility and secretion, offering relief for conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and gastritis.
- Clinical Application: Combined with points like Zhongwan (CV12), it is a cornerstone for treating chronic digestive weakness.
B. Immune System Enhancement
Dubbed the “point of longevity” in TCM, Zusanli is believed to bolster the body’s defensive Qi (Wei Qi), improving resistance to pathogens. Research indicates that electroacupuncture at ST36 can increase white blood cell counts and enhance cytokine activity, making it valuable for immune-compromised individuals or during recovery from illness.
C. Pain Relief and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Zusanli exerts analgesic effects by stimulating the release of endorphins and modulating pain pathways in the central nervous system. It is particularly effective for:
- Knee and lower limb pain (e.g., arthritis, sciatica).
- Abdominal cramps and dysmenorrhea.
- Headaches and migraines when combined with distal points.
D. Energy Revitalization and Anti-Aging
In TCM philosophy, Zusanli strengthens the Spleen and Kidney systems, which govern vitality and aging. Regular moxibustion or acupressure at this point is thought to slow age-related decline, reduce fatigue, and improve physical stamina. Animal studies have shown that stimulating ST36 may increase antioxidant enzyme activity, mitigating oxidative stress linked to aging.
E. Mental Well-being and Stress Reduction
By regulating Qi flow, Zusanli helps alleviate stress, anxiety, and insomnia. Its calming effect on the “Shen” (spirit) makes it a supportive point for mental health protocols, often paired with Shenmen (HT7) or Baihui (GV20).
3. Modern Scientific Validation
Contemporary research corroborates Zusanli’s traditional claims:
- Neurological Impact: fMRI studies reveal that needling ST36 activates brain regions associated with pain modulation and autonomic regulation.
- Metabolic Regulation: It may improve insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles, benefiting metabolic syndrome.
- Postoperative Recovery: Acupuncture at ST36 reduces postoperative ileus and accelerates recovery after abdominal surgery.
4. Practical Applications
- Self-Care: Daily acupressure (apply firm, circular pressure for 1–2 minutes) or moxibustion (3–5 cones) can enhance overall wellness.
- Combination Therapy: Paired with Guanyuan (CV4) for Qi deficiency, or Taichong (LR3) for liver-stomach disharmony.
- Preventive Use: Elderly individuals or those with chronic conditions often use Zusanli to maintain health and prevent disease.
5. Cultural Legacy and Global Influence
Zusanli’s reputation transcends TCM; it is widely adopted in Japanese (Sanri), Korean, and Western medical acupuncture practices. Its inclusion in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) list of essential acupoints underscores its universal therapeutic value.
Conclusion
Zusanli (ST36) epitomizes the wisdom of TCM—a single point with systemic influence, bridging ancient tradition and modern science. Whether used to resolve digestive woes, combat fatigue, or promote longevity, this “three-mile” point continues to prove its worth as a pillar of holistic health. As we explore the remaining Tianxing Twelve Acupoints, Zusanli serves as a reminder of the body’s innate capacity for healing when guided by the subtle art of acupuncture.
“Strengthen Zusanli, and you strengthen the root of life.”
— Ancient TCM Adage
